Theories+of+Motivation


 * Theories of Motivation **

Different psychological perspectives explain motivation for students in four different ways. The theories kept changing or rather evolving with changing trends of education from time of Plato to present scenario. Let us explore these changing trends. As time has evolved, so have the theories describing motivation. Motivation is a complex phenomenon. Several theories attempt to explain how motivation works and the above is a chart to depict this. A theory is not “set in stone”, it is an explanation that has been explored and has evidence to support its existence. 28.^
 * **Theories ** || **Behavioural ** || **Cognitive ** || **Social Learning ** || **Humanistic ** ||
 * **Major Focus ** || Achievement of ‘on task’ or desire behavior through external rewards and reinforcement || Cognitive processes and emotions, achievement needs and beliefs and causes of success and failure || Learning through observation of others and self regulation leading to personal standard and a sense of self efficacy || Satisfying basic needs and achieving self-actualization. ||
 * **Classroom application ** || Use of contingent rewards and punishment || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Need of teachers to be aware of their students’ attributions for success or failure and provide accurate feedback. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Need to ensure students are successful in new learning and that they perceive links between effort and success. || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Need to be aware of students’ needs inside and outside the classroom and to have positive expectations for each student ||
 * **<span style="background-color: #ffffff; color: #b21f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Theorists ** || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Skinner ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 80%;">^19 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Atkinson ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 80%;">^2 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) and Weiner ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 80%;">^20 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Bandura ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 80%;">^3 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) || <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Maslow ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 80%;">^12 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">) ||
 * **<span style="color: #b21f1f; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Motivation source ** || **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Extrinsic ** || **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Intrinsic ** || **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Intrinsic ** || **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;">Intrin ****<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">si ****<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%; line-height: 1.5;">c ** ||

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